At one end of its spectrum was William Lloyd Garrison, an immediatist, the founder of the American Anti-Slavery Society (183370), who denounced not only slavery but also the Constitution of the United States for tolerating the evil. The second option, later known as the Anaconda Plan, recommended isolating the states in secession with a naval blockade. On one side were advocates like Garrison, who called for an immediate end to slavery. He says slavery was a patriarchal institution So were polygamy & circumcision. Rather than emphasize that slavery was a profitable labor system essential to the health of the southern economy, apologists turned to the Bible and history. . In 1859 an armed band of abolitionists led by John Brown raided the federal armoury in Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now in West Virginia), in an attempt to initiate an armed rebellion of enslaved persons. The Irony of Southern Religion. yes, some slaves found ways to sabotage their masters and stop working by working slowly, stealing, ruining equipment, letting animals escape, faking stupidity, etc. Did the Confederate Constitution stated that each state was independent but must guarantee the gradual end of slavery in Confederate territory? The institution of slavery became even more entrenched in the South because of the increasing importance of, The prosperity of the southern yeoman was limited by the lack of, large numbers of surplus slaves were sold from the upper South to the lower South. At the other end of the abolitionist spectrum and in between stood such men and women as Theodore Weld, James Gillespie Birney, Gerrit Smith, Theodore Parker, Julia Ward Howe, Lewis Tappan, Salmon P. Chase, and Lydia Maria Child, all of whom represented a variety of stances, all more conciliatory than Garrisons. The Antebellum South what did the federal government do in 1835 about abolitionist material? In the 1830s, southern apologists in the South argued that slavery was a "positive good" because it allowed an elegant lifestyle for white elites and provided protection for inferior Africans. where were the majority of the free blacks? In the North, the abolitionist cause was the driving force behind the message from religious institutions and theologians. . Confederate constitution outlawed the African slave trade, supplying many Southern cotton plantations with slaves. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. How Did Southerners Justify Secession? - Reference.com She was active in the Underground Railroad, the clandestine network of safe houses and abolitionists that helped escapees reach freedom in the North. By the beginning of the Civil War, many Southerners saw themselves as morally superior to Northerners; after all, they had never tried to force their way of life onto the North. John Lafayette Girardeau (18251898), the Presbyterian preacher at a small church off the coast of South Carolina, held services for both white and black parishioners and then separate services for slaves. That it is inconsistent with a perfect statethat it is not absolutely a good, a blessingthe most strenuous defender of slavery ought not to permit himself to deny" (White 1911, p. 298). By that time, American abolitionists had realized the failure of gradualism and persuasion, and they subsequently turned to a more militant policy, demanding immediate abolition by law. All rights reserved. White southerners reacted strongly to abolitionists attacks on slavery. Having split from co-denominations in the North over the theological justification of slavery in the 1840s, southern Baptist, Methodist, and Presbyterian . The defrocking ceremony was meant to humiliate a disgraced member of the clergy while discouraging laypeople from viewing him as a martyr. Between 1945 and 1969, archaeologists hurriedly surveyed over 20,000 prehistorical sites before the Mississippi River Basin was flooded by dams. Richmond, VA: Presbyterian Committee of Publication, 1911. Palmer then swings back to a more practical argument: that the Northand the world beyondneeds to maintain the status quo in the South just as much as the South needs it: "[The] world has grown more and more dependent on [slavery] for sustenance and wealth the enriching commerce has been largely established upon the products of our soil: and the blooms upon southern fields gathered by black hands, have fed the spindles and looms of Manchester and Birmingham not less than of Lawrence and Lowell" (Palmer 1860, pp. Calhouns idea of the concurrent majority found full expression in his 1850 essay Disquisition on Government. In this treatise, he wrote about government as a necessary means to ensure the preservation of society, since society existed to preserve and protect our race. If government grew hostile to society, then a concurrent majority had to take action, including forming a new government. a informal network of people that helped fugitive slaves make their way to the North, Most southern planters considered their slaves to be. What did Southern apologists believe about slavery? - Brainly I'm also a big believer in lifelong learning- there's always something new to learn! Founder of Texas. "The South: Her Peril and Her Duty." Powerful southerners like South Carolinian John C. Calhounhighlighted laws like the Tariff of 1828 as evidence of the Norths desire to destroy the southern economy and, by extension, its culture. Southern states believed that a Republican government would dissolve the institution of slavery, would not honor states rights, and promote tariff laws. If the South Had Won the Civil War, Slavery Could Have Lasted Until the 20th Century. What did Southern apologists believe about slavery? The journeys of Yancey and Slidell show how hard it is to divide the United States simply into North and South, slave and free. See how American abolitionists, such as Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglass, and Thomas Garrett, helped enslaved persons escape to freedom, Learn how the work of Frederick Douglass still matters today, This article was most recently revised and updated by, Southern defense of the peculiar institution, The History of Slavery in North America Quiz, Slavery and Resistance Through History Quiz, raided the federal armoury in Harpers Ferry. did immigrants become cotton farmers in the south? Myths & Misunderstandings: The North and Slavery - American Civil War was the plantation system financially stable? 255-268. Help us keep publishing stories that provide scholarly context to the news. Founder of Texas. he published Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World in 1829, she fought for black emancipation and women's rights in New York, he advocated the idea of mass recolonization of Africa, he escaped slavery in 1838 and gave a speech at an 1841 Massachusetts antislavery meeting; he gave lectures and published his autobiography in 1845, a political party founded in 1840 with support from political abolitionists. From the 1820s until the start of the U.S. Civil War, abolitionists called on the federal government to prohibit the ownership of people in the Southern states. In what way did the Confederate Constitution differ from the United States Constitution quizlet? The pursuit of happiness is often considered an ideal, but it may be possible to have too muchor the wrong kindof a good thing. it was punishable by death, but juries usually acquitted them, the only person to be executed for smuggling slaves; he was executed in 1862. who was responsible for doing the more dangerous jobs in the south? (Palmer 1860, p. 8). Once again, the status of slavery in the territories became a hot issue. Gale Library of Daily Life: American Civil War. In other words, Thornwell explains, slavery is simply part of the human condition that highlights human imperfections and that should make individuals work harder to tackle those imperfections. 1860; there were about 4 million slaves and 500,000 free blacks. Abolition and the Abolitionists - National Geographic Society concurrent majority:a majority of a separate region (that would otherwise be in the minority of the nation) with the power to veto or disallow legislation put forward by a hostile majority, polygenism:the idea that Black people and White people come from different origins. Be it good or bad, [slavery] has grown up with our society and institutions, and is so interwoven with them that to destroy it would be to destroy us as a people. What does this image reveal about the methods of those who advocated polygenism? 1830s. The war, which began as a sectional power struggle to preserve the Union, in turn led Lincoln (who had never been an abolitionist) to emancipate enslaved persons in areas of the rebellion by the Emancipation Proclamation (1863) and led further to the freeing of all enslaved persons in the United States by the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865. when was the last official count of slaves? . Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. ." Moses Drury Hoge (19181899), once the personal minister to Jefferson Davis, noted that those who praised the colonial soldiers of the American Revolution and those who praised the Confederate soldiers did "homage to virtue. 72, No. Therefore, secession remained a reserved right of the states. 1845 portrait by George Alexander Healy, defended states rights, especially the right of the southern states to protect slavery from a hostile northern majority. On the more extreme side were figures like John Brown, who believed an armed rebellion of enslaved people in the South was the quickest route to end human bondage in the United States. The popularity of tanning rose in the early twentieth century, when bronzed skin signaled a life of leisure, not labor. Large groups of slaves worked from sunrise to sunset under a white overseer. ITHAKA. Abolitionist Movement - Definition & Famous Abolitionists - History In 1833, the same year Britain outlawed slavery, the American Anti-Slavery Society was established. sig= showed the extensive process of the slave trade, and what a valuable resource slaves were. Watch this video from Heimlers History channel to learn more about some of the main pro-slavery arguments, including the social hierarchy argument, the civilization argument, the economic argument, the racial argument, and the biblical argument.