In Africa, Islam spread along three routes, across the Sahara via trading towns such as Timbuktu, up the Nile Valley through the Sudan up to Uganda and across the Red Sea and down East Africa through settlements such as Mombasa and Zanzibar. advocating to kill other people, and fight those who are Direct link to David Alexander's post Sufism emerged early on i. They replaced Greek, Persian, and Coptic with Arabic as the main administrative language and reinforced an Arab Islamic identity. Ira Lapidus writes, [79] The Naqshbandis are the most prominent of these orders, especially in Kashgaria, where the western Chagatai Khan was also a disciple of the order.[79]. Around this point in time, new European ideas of romantic nationalism started to seep into the Empire, and provided the intellectual foundation for new nationalistic ideologies and the reinforcement of the self-image of many Christian groups as subjugated peoples. "Such is the recompense [24] He noted: "The question of why people convert to Islam has always generated the intense feeling. Tariq ibn Ziyad was a Muslim general who led the Islamic conquest of Visigothic Hispania in 711-718 A.D. Without their help, for example, Andalusia could never have been incorporated into the Islamic state. 205. Kurdish leaders, like. Without a doubt, military conquest was key in Islam's rapid spread. little bit more conciliatory. Islam traveled through these regions in many ways. Quora - A place to share knowledge and better understand the world in the pagan-dominated town of Mecca. Arab Muslim forces conquered vast territories and built imperial structures over time. an empire form this quickly. He changes his name to reflect his new religion. The next period, after Mohammed dies, the leadership of the The reasons that by the end of the 10th century, a large part of the population had converted to Islam are diverse. Direct link to BetFox20's post How did Islam influence a, Posted 3 years ago. Therefore, a knowledge of the Muslim conquest and loss of Spain is crucial to understanding the flow of information. By the 680s the Arabs had gone too far in the conquest of the Maghrib to be willing to accept defeat at the hands of a Berber leader, albeit one professing Islam. On the east coast of Africa, where Arab mariners had for many years journeyed to trade, mainly in slaves, Arabs founded permanent colonies on the offshore islands, especially on Zanzibar, in the 9th and 10th century. The most important reason for Islam spreading so quickly was trade routes connecting to different areas. Most of those laws were elaborations of basic laws concerning non-Muslims (dhimmis) in the Quran, which does not give much detail about the right conduct with non-Muslims, but it in principle recognises the religion of "People of the Book" (Jews, Christians and sometimes others as well) and securing a separate tax from them that replaces the zakat, which is imposed upon Muslim subjects. When a translation is poorly done, those whose understanding of the original sacred text are filtered through the poor translation may get the wrong idea. Although military conquest occurred in the past, military campaigns have been rare since the fall of the . Direct link to birdybunny's post So how was Muhammad succe, Posted 2 years ago. This does not necessarily imply political or social organizations: Global Muslim identity does not necessarily or even usually imply organized group action. of the disbelievers. 'Muslimization' has more recently also been used as a term coined to describe the overtly Muslim practices of new converts to the religion who wish to reinforce their newly acquired religious identity. One of the most quoted [70] There is no clear indication of when Islam first came to the region, the first Muslim gravestone markings year 1082. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. The early advance of Islam went hand in hand with military expansion - whether it was the motivation for it is difficult to tell, although one recent book suggests that Islam certainly facilitated the growth of Muslim power. of this Muslim community at the time of Mohammed's death. Even there there are rules of law here, or rules of engagement. The Sixth Fatimid caliph, al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, 9961021, who was believed to be "God made manifest" by his most zealous Shii followers, now known as the Druze, destroyed the Holy Sepulchre in 1009. Islam provides a blueprint for most aspects of life and as such, has often been associated with rapid expansion driven by military conquest. If I am wrong I apologize, however it must have had some role to play. which is now dynastic, the Umayyad Caliphate, by A page from a manuscript on Islamic law from Spain, first half of the 11th century. Explain the causes of the expansion of Muslim rule; how and where did it expand before 1450? Muslims of Central Asian origin played a major role in the Mongol conquest of China. and if those persecutors stop then don't seek revenge. [71], When Marco Polo visited the area in 1292 he noted that the urban port state of Perlak was Muslim,[71] Chinese sources record the presence of a Muslim delegation to the emperor from the Kingdom of Samudra (Pasai) in 1282,[70] other accounts provide instances of Muslim communities present in the Melayu Kingdom for the same time period while others record the presence of Muslim Chinese traders from provinces such as Fujian. From there, Islam spread to modern-day Malaysia and Indonesia. At the end of the Umayyad period, less than 10% of the people in Iran, Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Tunisia and Spain were Muslim. Islam was just that much better. against the oppressors." Another driving force for the change of the ruling class in the region was the concept among the increasing Muslim communities of the region when ruling dynasties to attempt to forge such ties of kinship by marriage. A painting depicting the siege of Baghdad by the Mongols in 1258. On his way to Volga Bulgaria, Ibn Fadlan brought detailed reports of the Rus, claiming that some had converted to Islam. The objective of the conquests was mostly of a practical nature, as fertile land and water were scarce in the Arabian Peninsula. These empires were significantly weakened after a period of fighting with one another and other peripheral factions like the Turks, economic turmoil, disease, and environmental problems. at the sacred mosque." According to the British-Lebanese historian Albert Hourani, one of the reasons may be that, "Islam had become more clearly defined, and the line between Muslims and non-Muslims more sharply drawn. This is less than 30 years. "Such is the recompense The historic process of Islamization was complex and involved merging Islamic practices with local customs. Read more. or a Martin Luther King. "Fight them until there is no persecution "and until worship is But make your own decisions about what you think is, or your own judgments of what we've talked about in this video. Direct link to David Alexander's post When a translation is poo. There were still Muslims who could not flee from Mecca and were still oppressed because of their faith. In addition to conversion to Islam, the Muslim population also grew from a higher birth rate than non-Muslims as a result of the rights of Muslim men to marry four women, have numerous concubines and raise their children as Muslims.[28]. Other estimates suggest that Muslims were not a majority in Egypt until the mid-10th century and in the Fertile Crescent until 1100. [81] Some Muslims in the Balkans chose to leave, while many others were forcefully expelled to what was left of the Ottoman Empire. The Muslim conquests, Muslim invasions, Islamic conquests, Arab conquest, or Arab Islamic conquest, may refer to: Early Muslim conquests Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent Umayyad conquest of Sindh Muslim conquest of Persia Muslim conquest of Khorasan Muslim conquest of Pars Muslim conquest of Khuzestan Muslim conquest of Sistan You make a good point and ask a cogent question. The military expansions of the earlier period spread Islam in name only; it was later that Islamic culture truly spread, with people converting to Islam in large numbers. If you start in the middle, you can cover a lot of ground, while also being able to suffer casualties that might be devastating. They were regarded as the 'People of the Book', those who possessed a revealed scripture, or 'People of the Covenant', with whom compacts of protection had been made. Direct link to Zob Rombie's post In the image of Muhammad , Posted 4 years ago. [51], Islam was readily accepted by Zoroastrians who were employed in industrial and artisan positions because, according to Zoroastrian dogma, such occupations that involved defiling fire made them impure. So this is creating a moral hierarchy that is very debatable, Direct link to Leo Williams's post Just a question, I've oft, Posted 2 months ago. A sense of unity grew among many though not all provinces and gradually formed the consciousness of a broadly Arab-Islamic population. But this mixture of motives combined to form a process that forged Islamic and Arab ideals and communities into a fast-growing religious and political identity. After the reconquest of Spain by Christian forces, much of the scientific knowledge that was developed by Muslims came to Western Europe through Spain. Now, when Lapidus talks [19] The earlier period also saw the acceleration in the rate of conversions in the Muslim heartland, and in the wake of the conquests, the newly-conquered regions retained significant non-Muslim populations. as people of the book, but it included Jews, Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent - Wikipedia So how was Muhammad successful with spreading Islamic faith? your own primary resources. the end of that at 750 CE, you see Islam has now spread or conquered from modern-day Spain and Portugal, all the way to modern-day The Spread of Islam | Encyclopedia.com lives, Mohammed's own life. In fact, the Eastern Orthodox Churches had a higher position in the Ottoman Empire, mainly because the Patriarch resided in Istanbul and was an officer of the Ottoman Empire. "[21], Only in subsequent centuries, with the development of the religious doctrine of Islam and with that the understanding of the Muslim ummah, would mass conversion take place. [9] Out of children born from 2010 to 2015, 31% were Muslim[10] and currently Islam is the world's fastest-growing major religion.[11][12][13]. Was the phenomenon of "taxation of unbelievers for the national treasury" actually a significant part of the dynasty's income? Like all other empires, the first Arab Muslim empires were built within the context of the political realities of their neighboring societies. According to the historian Yaqut al-Hamawi, the Bszrmny (Izmaelita or Ismaili/ Nizari) denomination of the Muslims who lived in the Kingdom of Hungary in the 10th to 13th centuries, were employed as mercenaries by the kings of Hungary. Direct link to David Alexander's post You make a good point and, Posted a year ago. religious texts of Islam, especially the Koran, and even the Hadith, which are the secondhand accounts of the life and practices of Mohammed.