A picture from their classroom Although the Loba follow the Sakyapa sect of Tibetan Buddhism; they are also influenced by the Bon religion as they practiced Bon in the past (Dhungel 2002). The Loshar, Tiji, and Yartung are major seasonal and ritual festivals of Loba that supports maintaining social and cultural relationship among them as well as attracting tourists to Upper Mustang. Learning about different cultures around us can help us better understand the world we live in! In great need of spiritual renewal and commitment to biblical faith. the Tibetan calendar October 1, is the most grand festival of the year in They roast both animal and plant based food. Besides, we also had, in a moment of recklessness, included in our itinerary Upper Mustang, one of the two Tibetan provinces in Nepal, which stretched our trek to an insane 24 days: insane because none of us were habitual trekkers even if we were reasonably fit. Gorgeous grey and brown cliffs, looking like exquisite shades of raw silk, shimmered in the backdrop. John Murry. Nevertheless, Loba people are struggling to cope with and adapt to such geo-environmental changes through the adoption of various strategies such as: alteration of crop calendar, improved drainage management and erosion control, increased irrigation and regulated use of water, change in livestock types, herd sizes, and feeding practices, as well as the practice of agro-forestry: grass seedling, fodder, and timber trees plantation (Pandey 2019). Kagbeni is the jumping-off point for the Upper Mustang trek and Muktinath. Yet, the restored sections are not a patch on the originals. Kagbeni is also where your permit to trek to Mustang is checked. Dhongbas work for the King during crop cultivation and harvesting time. For Loba ru-shya, marriage relation is perfectly desired, similar to many Himalayan indigenous ethnic communities (Godlstein 1971; Levine 1981; Vinding 1979), including Magar, Gurung, Thakali. One wondered whether Greek and Roman architecture might not have been inspired by these cliffs and columns. Poudel, 135154. various color patterns. This was the scenic Ghorepani-Poon Hill-Tadapani route for the able-bodied and the hardy, hardly for us, already out of breath and longing for level ground. However, people prefer to give birth to a single child these days, so they would not be obliged to send their loved ones to the monastery. As local youth of Lo-manthang migrated out, the cheap labor from other districts immigrated to the place seasonally, mostly to work in farm-fields, repairing irrigation canals, and fencing farm-fields, as well as the construction of house building and roads and bridges. This system is practiced in different aspects of life, such as selecting leadership (except the King), distribution of irrigation system, during the Yartung taking a turn to follow Kings possession that leads the masses on horse parade, using the public places such as monasteries and Gomba during the ritual performance and feast. The process of offering water, flowers, incense, light, fruits, words, and greeting God, ordinary people, animals, and plants have defined ways and manners that should be followed to ensure peace, harmony, and prosperity in the community. Everything in Lo has to come from the plains. Regional Environmental Change 11 (S1): 6577. Mustangi Kings were also loyal to the Nepali people. culture of Loba. Amchi Gyatso Bista informed that the number of village council members increases up to eighteen when they need to decide a date for the crop harvesting and electing the next ghenba. Ethnography in/of the world system: the emergence of multi-sited ethnography. In these caves, relics from a Bon past were found alongside Buddhist artefacts. still using the original way of slash and fire to engage in agricultural Lo is home to three beautiful gompas with exquisite murals, Choede, Jhampa and Thubchen, all in various states of disrepair. The ghemba has overall led and represented the team, chaired and led meeting(s), his role is to plan farm-related problem-solving and execute the decision made by the council. 3000 years of agriculture in a valley of the high Himalayas. Some Lobas use caves as houses and monasteries. Indigenous institutions as adaptive measures to environmental dynamics Even today, hunting dogs play a significant part in Lhoba life and it is common for a family to own dozens of dogs which are taken into homes as family. The trade routes of the Luba extended all the way from eastern Africa to the distant shores of India. Upper Mustang is a trans-Himalayan desert (cold) area with an annual average precipitation of less than 20cm. Nowadays, another challenge emerged that many people are willing to pay money instead of playing the role of chhime. This sort of process ensured the access of ordinary household family members to the palace on the one hand, and reduced the hegemony of few people that is observable in formally-employed staff in a formal governance system on the other. Sociological and Anthropological Society of Nepal (SASON). These studies have been carried out from historical, religious and economic perspectives. Tibetan Buddhist Wall Paintings - History - Brown University Uprety, Laya Prasad. This is being rejected by younger Loba people as modernization sets in. Cambridge University Press. - Few evangelicals, but many who identify as Christians. A dyeing method in which fabrics are partially tied up so that t. O Bai (about 1610) - 1669, Manchu: Oboi) Guwalgiya Manchuria is set in Huangqi banner. Mustang is a windy, arid, high altitude desert. However, as Loba people prioritize cash income away from agriculture, the practice of half-share crop production system hardly exists. Today, most Lhoba people are Lhoba households are farmers but hunting is the central activity of Lhoba men. This kind of buckwheat cake smeared with At Tangbe, A Nepali teacher from Lower Mustang teaches kids basic education in one of the only school in the village. When he does, the next son must become a Buddhist monk. So here we were going round and round the mountain trails of dust and sand, often losing sight of the Manang range and the Nilgiri, which were our markers. protection project, which will be more conducive to the protection of the folk Social-ecological vulnerability to climate change in the Nepali Himalaya. This legacy is an important form of ancient primitive religious beliefs Luba Customs and Traditions - African Culture Two households were responsible as nechhang nerpa, the economic manager of the palace during the Kings rule. At the same time, anthropologists are engaged in documenting indigenous environmental knowledge, traditional ecological knowledge, indigenous technical knowledge, local knowledge, folk climate models, and cultural-specific knowledge (Ellen et al. Jomsom had found its way onto the aviation map of Nepal primarily to service pilgrims headed to the Muktinath shrine. They need to pay a little higher amount to the community for that. Archaeological investigation of the region shows that the Loba people have settled in the region and cultivated crops for around 3000years (Knorzer 2000). Levine, Nancy E. 1981. Furthermore, taking responsibility of chhime becomes more challenging since they imposed NPR. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Only 2,000 permits are issued every year, and most of them during the Tiji festival in May. Lhoba People in Sountheast of Himalayas They fish the Congo River and its main tributaries intensively. Darnal, Prakash. The barter animal hides, musk, bear paws and other items with Tibetans in exchange for tools and clothing. These tasks used to be performed in the form of reme ghapkin, the turn system, particularly while working for the Gomba and the palace (Table 2). (PDF) The Interface of Ethnicity, Modernity and Caste: A Study of IT is not easy to prise yourself away from the Annapurna, not after you have glimpsed the suns rays spotlight her sparkling snowy crown. society, and a way of existence of the folk life of the Loba people. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.