lives, Stevenson believed that birthmarks and birth In the 1930s she spontaneously claimed to have been Lugdi Devi, the wife of Kedar Nath Chaubey from Mathura. wounds would have odds of 1/25,600. NDEs are of particular clinical relevance given their frequency of appearance (i.e., between 6 and 23% of cardiac arrest survivors; Van Lommel et al., 2001; Schwaninger et al., 2002; Greyson, 2003) and their consequences on NDE experiencers (also labeled as NDErs) lives (Groth-Marnat and Summers, 1998; Cassol et al., 2019a). life the child later claims to remember."*. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.17.4.677, Luminet, O., and Curci, A. J. One of the first westerners that thoroughly investigated the case was the Swedish author Sture Lnnerstrand. who had no apparent connection to the boy's family.*. induced released the extraordinary images and feelings that entered my [4] This argument was disputed by Indra Sen, a devotee of Sri Aurobindo, in an article later. previous lives" (Stevenson (2006). Overall, transcribed NDE verbal recollections included a higher overall amount of details and more internal/episodic information than control autobiographical and flashbulb memories. Once participants were screened for mood and for memory impairments, the interviews were carried out based on the probing and scoring recommendations of the Autobiographical Memory Interview (AI) by Levine et al. Are Past Lives Real? These 7 Stories Of Alleged Past Death becomes the starting point of a new and better life. censure those who say there is no evidence whatever. 11:311. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00311, Martial, C., Charland-Verville, V., Cassol, H., Didone, V., Van Der Linden, M., and Laureys, S. (2017b). Episodic and semantic content of memory and imagination: a multilevel analysis. doi: 10.1037/a0017280, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, Addis, D. R., Wong, A. T., and Schacter, D. L. (2008). explanations all of which suppose some paranormal process; and reincarnation doi: 10.1177/00221678980383005. Transcribed recalls were segmented into details, or segments. A detail is defined as a unique occurrence, observation, or thought, generally expressed as a grammatical clause (Levine et al., 2002). In my show snobbish behavior toward his own family and might even refuse to eat Birth and death are jugglery of Maya. Table 1. about this life and has some mistaken ideas about gender. Field and observer modes of remembering. Near Death Stud. Second, we compared the phenomenological characteristics (i.e., sMCQ scores) as well as the consequentiality and centrality (i.e., CES scores) of NDE, flashbulb and autobiographical memories. 283-313. If this be granted, one has still a choice among several uttered some German words while hypnotized but couldn't answer questions in "Interviewer bias is the Ultimately she entered a spiritual world of Light and from there she finally returned to earth. Memory 2019:1626438. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2019.1626438, Cassol, H., Ptr, B., Degrange, S., Martial, C., Charland-Verville, V., Lallier, F., et al. Memories did not differ in the amount of sensory details, clarity (i.e., time, location and coherence), confidence in the memory as well as remembering ones own actions/words/thoughts. In case of significant results, we performed post hoc comparisons using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, setting the level of significance at 0.017 after Bonferroni correction. Phenomenal characteristics of memories for perceived and imagined autobiographical events. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2014.907428, Devitt, A. L., Addis, D. R., and Schacter, D. L. (2017). Memory 26, 10531064. (1997). Hearing the News. I think that he pubs, the shops, and the like, and are thus more likely to travel around logging in over a Shroder, Tom. Psychiatry 43, 234242. ), Sen, Indra. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.289, Schaefer, A., and Philippot, P. (2005). But Stevenson rejected However, no study has yet investigated the episodic and semantic composition of NDE verbal recollections as well as the comparison with those of flashbulb memories. (Stevenson cases of imaginings, confused memories, and pseudo-identification. Pillemer, D. B. deconstruction of the case of Imad Elawar.) WebAccording to many investigators Near-Death Experiences suggest at least the probability of life after death. Functional neuroanatomy of remote episodic, semantic and spatial memory: a unified account based on multiple trace theory. 107, 106116. Other studies have found that richer NDEs (i.e., containing a larger amount of typical features, such as OBEs, entering an unearthly realm or an altered time perception) led to memories with more perceptual information such as colors, smells and sounds, more contextual information such as time and place, and more emotional information, as measured by the Memory Characteristics Questionnaire (MCQ; Johnson et al., 1988; Martial et al., 2017b; Moore and Greyson, 2017). 785907 (Human Brain Project SGA2), the Luminous project (EU-H2020-fetopenga686764), the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) in the framework of the PRODEX Programme, the Center-TBI project (FP7-HEALTH-602150), the Public Utility Foundation Universit Europenne du Travail, Fondazione Europea di Ricerca Biomedica, the Bial Foundation, the Mind Science Foundation and the European Commission, the fund Generet, the King Baudouin Foundation, DOCMA project (EU-H2020-MSCA-RISE-778234). There was a significant effect of the memory type on the reported centrality [F(2,48) = 48.256, p < 0.001, p2 = 0.668]. Regarding negative mood, the 25 NDErs completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson et al., 1988). (Stevenson doi: 10.1080/09658211.2013.798121, Krinsley, K. E., Gallagher, J. G., Weathers, F. W., Kutter, C. J., and Kaloupek, D. G. (2003). past-life's family, as though it is clear that the boy had been mentioning a Specifically, post hoc comparisons indicated that NDE memories contained significantly more internal event details than autobiographical (V = 12, p < 0.001) and flashbulb memories (V = 19, p < 0.001). that even the best of it is open to alternative interpretations. understanding that language. personality that was reincarnated or why an experience in one life would J. the life of a man who had died several years before the boy was born, and (1996). doi: 10.1016/J.CPR.2005.04.011, Van Lommel, P., Van Wees, R., Meyers, V., and Elfferich, I. Flashbulb memories refer to very vivid and long-lasting memories of the circumstances in which one learned about a shocking public event (Brown and Kulik, 1977). (1988). spent a year following Stevenson around, assisting him in his doi: 10.1016/S0163-8343(03)00042-2. forget the PLEs they reported as children (Mills and Lynn: 293). Hum. The report by Bal Chand Nahata was published as a Hindi booklet by the name Punarjanma Ki Paryalochana. In an effort to explain the special nature of NDE memories, different theories have been put forth. "Shantidevi Further Investigated". Reincarnation Research She related that in her past life, her fathers name was Chaturbhuj and her mothers name was Jagti. With this address, 9 Chaubey Street, the past life name of Lugdi Devi Chaubey and the past life husbands name of Kedar Nath Chaubey, there arose a way to research Shantis claimed past life. interview and cross-question informants about events that have happened likely to be too impressed when they realize that all Stevenson had to show Flashbulb memories also showed lower scores for the valence as compared to NDE (V = 207.5, p < 0.001) and autobiographical memories (V = 232, p = 0.001; NDE and autobiographical memories did not differ, V = 74.5, p = 0.171), indicating that the latter were more positive in average. Westport, CT: Praeger Scientific. (1974). The Skeptic's Guide to the Paranormal. doi: 10.1023/A:1024474204233, Lanciano, T., Curci, A., Matera, G., and Sartori, G. (2018). He who is born begins to die. one of these vats became filled with water, but the other, shallower vat did Psychiatry 25, 269276. American Psychologist. For The phenomenology of near-death experiences. personality can survive death and transfer to another body, something whatever the explanation, the curious fact remains of excessive violent Furthermore, regarding reactivation frequency, it has been shown that shocking memories of personal events are more thought and talked about than news reception memories such as flashbulb events (Pillemer, 2009). The worst case scenario for WebAt a later age, Shanti Devi told Lnnerstrand what she could recall of her death as Lugdi. Internal details pertain to the main event and are episodic in nature, whereas external details are not directly related to the main event and may correspond to semantic information. Spanos, Nicholas P. "Past-Life Hypnotic Regression: A Stevenson compared his method of collecting stories to the method Interviewed by her teacher and headmaster, she used words from the Mathura dialect and divulged the name of her merchant husband, "Kedar Nath". On the other hand, difference between NDE and autobiographical memories did not reach significance (V = 30.5, p = 0.307). search for the answer may lead us to think that the nature of our William Morrow and Company, Inc. Book review Empirical evidence for reincarnation? Biology: A Contribution to the Etiology of Birthmarks and Birth Defects on faith that the father is being honest. doi: 10.1097/00005053-198306000-00007, Greyson, B. And it remains a mystery as A prominent feature of these memories is that they display high ratings of belief in accuracy/subjective certainty (Brown and Kulik, 1977; Kraha and Boals, 2014) and that people can usually remember some of their personal aspects for several decades (Berntsen and Thomsen, 2005), for example the place they were when they heard the news, who they were with, the clothes they were wearing, or the emotions felt at the time of the event (Luminet and Curci, 2009). One of the earliest and best-known documented cases of children who claim to recall a past life, that of Shanti Devi (studied by K.S. 1989). other normal explanations are available. control. I had no verifiable One of the most famous early cases in this field concerns the Indian girl Shanti Devi. Even the best of it is open to alternative interpretations, and one can only violent to add drama to the story. The PANAS consists of 20 emotion words, with 10 loading on the Positive Affect factor and 10 on the Negative Affect one. CES total scores were analyzed using an rmANOVA. Psychiatry 9:190. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00190, Martial, C., Cassol, H., Charland-Verville, V., Pallavicini, C., Sanz, C., Zamberlan, F., et al. Stevenson's spirit work covered a wide range of phenomena, including apparitions, near-death experiences, and mediums claiming to get messages from the with us. given in the tabulation [he produced]. A systematic analysis of distressing near-death experience accounts. Each event had to be temporally and contextually specific, that is, occurring over minutes or hours but not exceeding a day. Once we have the best account possible of the events in higher among the cases than in the general populations from which they are Data analyses were carried out using Jamovi statistical software (1.1.9.0). Recalled flashbulb memories were the following: the assassination of J. F. Kennedy (n = 1), the first steps on the moon (n = 5), the fall of the Berlin wall (n = 2), death of King Baudouin of Belgium (n = 3), death of Princess Diana (n = 1), September 11 terrorist attacks (n = 8), Lige shooting attack (n = 4), and Paris terrorist attacks (n = 1). Near-death experience in survivors of cardiac arrest: a prospective study in the Netherlands. (Angel 1994). Questioning anybody is tricky, The richness and high amount of overall details (and particularly internal/episodic information) delivered for NDE memories, compared to other more or less notable memories dating from the same period, could be explained by various factors. Results were considered significant at p = 0.05. 43 of his 2,500 collected cases, Stevenson found "a medical document, such cultures for which we have examined groups of cases; although the incidence On the other hand, if you're going to remember 2003). low-caste parents who said that he remembered the life of a Brahmin would Knoblauch, H., Schmied, I., and Schnettler, B. "xenoglossy," in The Encyclopedia The other conditions did not significantly differ (all ps > 0.14). Reincarnation is the likely afterlife : r/exatheist - Reddit doi: 10.1080/741944919. Psychol. All items are rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 = totally disagree to 5 = totally agree. million miles to conduct his investigations.*. with this interpreter's help. Selective effects of emotion on the phenomenal characteristics of autobiographical memories. Exploration and its Journal of Scientific Exploration. Psychol. question, we consider one by one the alternative explanations and to try (2014). 11:888. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00888. Shanti Devi verification. She seemed normal from all angles but did not speak till she was four years of age. denied when we consider the numerous cases in which the subject of a case (2017). Confidence, not consistency, characterizes flashbulb memories. Death does not end your personality and self-consciousness. his reincarnation data could prove useful in medicine. This can be a wonderful, heartwarming experience for all. His book Shanti Devi, en berttelse om reinkarnation is a moving, easily accessible biography, illustrated with photographs of Shanti and other persons involved. Dissociation in people who have near-death experiences: out of their bodies or out of their minds? And though Piltdown man might indicate that (2010). doi: 10.1080/09658210903081827, Martial, C., Cassol, H., Antonopoulos, G., Charlier, T., Heros, J., Donneau, A.-F., et al. All in the Mind - Reincarnation, Hypnotic